前言诺沃克类病毒是引起急性非细菌性胃肠炎暴发的病原之一,常通过污染的食物和水而传播。通过分子生物学技术能够从大便标本中检出该病毒。诺沃克类病毒也称为小圆结构病毒,并归类为杯状病毒成员。可分为两个不同的基因组,基因Ⅰ组(GⅠ)和基因Ⅱ组(GⅡ)。诺沃克类病毒多在餐厅、护理中心、医院、学校、旅游等地爆发流行。
Norwalkviruses(NVs)causeoutbreaksofacutenonbacterialgastroenteritisandspreadfrequentlythroughcontaminatedfoodsorwater.Moleculardiagnosticsenablesdetectingvirusesinfecalspecimens.NVsarealsocalledsmallround-structuredviruses(SRSVs)andmembersofthefamilyCaliciviridae.NVscanbedividedintotwodistinctgenogroups,genogroupⅠ(GⅠ)andgenogroupⅡ(GⅡ).OutbreaksofNVsgastroenteritismostcommonlyoccurinrestaurants,nursinghomes,hospitals,schoolsandintouringsites.