关键词胰胆管成像;磁共振;十二指肠憩室;影像诊断
AbstractObjectiveToevaluatethevalueofmagneticresonancecholangiopancreatographyInfilmreading,particularattentionwaspaidtotheobservationofduodenumandthesurroundedstructures,inadditiontotheobservationofcholangiopancreaticducts,soastofindifanydiverticulumorotherabnormalitiesexist.Results6casesofduodenaldiverticulumwerefound.Amongthem,onewasmaleand5werefemale.Theagewasrangedfrom53to74years,withanaverageof65.Allofthediverticulaweresituatedbetweenthedescendingsectionofduodenumandthepancreatichead.2caseswerecomplicatedbycholedocholith;onewithinflammatorystenosisofthecholedochoduct.Inanothercase,thediverticulumwassolargethatthepancreaticheadwasheavilypressedandthecholangiopancreaticductsdilated.Allofthediverticulawereconfirmedbyendoscopicexaminations.OnMRCPpictures,theduodenaldiverticulumpresentedasa“blindduct”,withoneendconnectedtothediverticulum,andtheotherendbeingfree.Theshapeandsignalintensityweresimilartotheduodenum.In3cases,gasbubbleorgas-liquidlevelwasobservedinsideofthediverticulum,whichwasmoreclearlyshowedonT2WI.Inonecase,thelargediverticulumwasconvolutedandappearedasmultiplecystsinaxialimages,thewallofwhichhadasameenhancementasthatoftheduodenumonGd-DTPAenhancingscan,whilethecontentsdidn’tenhance.ConclusionMRCPissensitiveandaccurateindetectingduodenaldiverticulum,andfurthermorecanshowsomeofit’scomplications.Theshortcomingsofitincludetheweaknessindetectingtheulcerandgeneralinflammationofthemucosa.Nevertheless,duetotheharmless,easinessandpainlesscharacteristics,MRCPshouldbeconsideredasagoodmethodindetectingduodenaldiverticulumandit’scomplications.
Keywordscholangiopancreatography;magneticresonance;duodenaldiverticulum;imagingdiagnosis
十二指肠憩室较为常见,多发生于十二指肠降段,以往主要以上消化道钡餐造影或十二指肠镜检查诊断。2004年3月~2005年2月我院在对因上腹痛或伴有黄疸的患者行磁共振胰胆管成像检查时,诊断了6例十二指肠憩室,后均经十二指肠镜检查证实,现告如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料6例中男1例,女5例。年龄53~74岁,平均65岁。均经十二指肠镜检查证实。6例患者均因上腹疼痛不适,2例伴有黄疸而来院就诊,病史3天~6个月。
1.2扫描方法使用GESigna1.5TMR扫描仪,TORSOPA线圈。常规行轴位SET1WI、快速自旋回波T2WI及脂肪抑制T2WI。T1WITR360ms,TE10ms,2次激励,矩阵256×192,视野36cm×36cm;T2WITR750ms,TE84.4ms,2次激励,矩阵320×256,视野36cm×27cm,层厚5mm,间隔1mm。薄层MRCP取冠状位,快速恢复FSE序列,TR6666ms,TE
137ms,层厚3mm,间隔0mm,3次激励,矩阵320×192。厚层MRCP采用轴位像定位辐射状扫描,单次激发快速自旋回波序列,TR3594ms,TE1104ms,层厚50~60mm,1次激励,矩阵320×256。检查前禁饮水4h。其中1例加做了MR增强扫描,行轴位T1WI、T1FS和冠状位T1WI。造影剂为先灵公司生产的马根维显,15ml静脉注射。2结果2.1MRI表现6例十二指肠憩室均表现为十二指肠降段与胰头之间的盲袋样结构,其信号强度与十二指肠降段相同。在MRCP图像上均显示盲袋样结构,一端连于十二指肠,另一端游离。3例憩室内可见气泡影或气―液平面,以横轴位T2WI显示较佳。6例中2例显示胆总管下段受压绕行,伴有胆总管及胰管的不同程度扩张;2例合并胆总管下端结石。1例合并胆总管下段炎性狭窄。1例较大憩室呈盘曲状,轴位像呈多囊样改变,增强扫描囊壁与十二指肠壁呈同等强化。2.2临床诊治情况6例十二指肠憩室均经十二指肠镜检查证实。憩室多开口于十二指肠乳头旁,其中2例十二指肠乳头位于憩室内,1例合并肠黏膜多发溃疡及黏膜水肿。2例合并胆总管下端结石,经网篮取石后临床症状消失;另4例经抑酸、解痉及抗感染治疗病情好转。
图1轴位T1WI,十二指肠降段与胰头之间见一囊状结构,其形态信号与肠管相似图2轴位T2FS,与图1为相近层面,十二指肠旁囊状结构内见气体信号图3与图1同一病例,薄层MRCP经MIP算法合成的3D图像,清楚显示十二指肠降段与胰头之间的盲袋样结构,胆总管下段受压变窄图4厚层MRCP,见十二指肠降段与胆总管之间一盲袋样结构以窄颈连于十二指肠图5轴位T2WI,示十二指肠与胰头之间多囊状结构,内见气―液平面图6与图5为同一病例,Gd-DTPA增强扫描,示多囊状结构与十二指肠同等强化,囊内容物无强化